英国作家阿道司·赫胥黎创作的长篇小说《新世界》的故事背景设在福特纪元632年(即遥远的未来2532年)的人类社会。它是世界性国家,被称之为“文明社会”,之外还有“蛮族保留区”,由一些印第安部落居住。伯纳和列宁娜去保留区游览时遇到了约翰和他的母亲琳达,琳达曾是新世界的居民,来游玩时不慎坠下山崖而留下,并生下了约翰。伯纳出于自己的目的,将琳达母子带回新世界,琳达很快因服用过量的唆麻(一种兴奋剂)而死,约翰对新世界也由崇拜转为厌恶,与新世界激烈冲突后自缢身亡。

该作主要刻画了一个距今600年的未来世界,物质生活十分丰富,科学技术高度发达,人们接受着各种安于现状的制约和教育,所有的一切都被标准统一化,人的欲望可以随时随地得到完全满足,享受着衣食无忧的日子,不必担心生老病死带来的痛苦,然而在机械文明的社会中却无家庭、个性、情绪、自由和道德,人与人之间根本不存在真实的情感,人性在机器的碾磨下灰飞烟灭。

Brave New World is a full-length novel written by British author Aldous Huxley.

The story of “The Beautiful New World” is set in human society in the year 632 of the Ford Era (i.e. 2532 years in the distant future). It is a world country,

called a “civilized society”, and beyond it, there are “barbarian reservations”, inhabited by several Indian tribes. When Bernard and Lenina visit the reservation,

they meet John and his mother Linda, a former inhabitant of the New World, who fell off a cliff and gave birth to John. For his purposes, Bernard brings Linda and his

mother back to the New World. Linda soon dies of an overdose of marijuana (a stimulant), and John’s worship of the New World turns to disgust, and he hangs himself after a fierce conflict with the New World.

The work mainly portrays a future world 600 years from now, material life is very rich, highly developed science and technology, people receive a variety of constraints and education to rest on the status quo, everything is standardized, people’s desires can be completely satisfied at any time and anywhere, enjoy the days of food and clothing, do not have to worry about the pain caused by old age, sickness and death, but in the mechanical civilization of a society is indifferent to family, personality, emotions, freedom and morality. However, in the mechanical civilization, there is no family, personality, emotion, freedom and morality, and there is no real emotion between people, and human nature is destroyed by the grinding of machines.

 

《变形记》

主人公格里高尔·萨姆沙在一家公司任旅行推销员,长年奔波在外,辛苦支撑着整个家庭的花销。当萨姆沙还能以微薄的薪金供养他那薄情寡义的家人时,他是家中受到尊敬的长子,父母夸奖他,妹妹爱戴他。当有一天他变成了甲虫,丧失了劳动力,对这个家再也没有物质贡献时,家人一反之前对他的尊敬态度,逐渐显现出冷漠、嫌弃、憎恶的面孔。父亲恶狠狠地用苹果打他,母亲吓得晕倒,妹妹厌弃他。渐渐地,萨姆沙远离了社会,最后孤独痛苦地在饥饿中默默地死去。卡夫卡以自己独特的艺术笔调,用象征、细节描写等手法对“人变成甲虫事件”进行艺术再造,使作品呈现出荒诞、不可思议的基调。《变形记》中萨姆沙的遭遇即是在那个物质极其丰裕、人情却淡薄如纱的时代里处于底层的小人物命运的象征。小说以主人公变为甲虫这一荒诞故事反映了世人唯利是图、对金钱顶礼膜拜、对真情人性不屑一顾,最终被社会挤压变形的现实,反映了资本主义制度下真实的社会生活。

Gregor Samsa, the main character in “The Metamorphosis,” works as a travelling salesman for a company and works hard to support the expenses of his entire family while on the road for years. When Samsa is still able to provide for his thin-skinned family with his meagre salary, he is the respected eldest son of the family, praised by his parents and adored by his sister. When one day he turned into a beetle, lost his labour force, and no longer had material contributions to the family, the family gradually showed indifference, dislike, and hatred, contrary to their previous respectful attitude toward him. His father viciously beat him with an apple, his mother fainted with fear, and his sister abandoned him. Gradually, Samsa turns away from society and finally dies alone and painfully in hunger in silence. Kafka uses his unique artistic style, using symbolism and detailed descriptions to artistically recreate the “incident of man becoming a beetle”, giving the work an absurd and unbelievable tone. What happens to Samsa in “The Metamorphosis” is a symbol of the fate of the small people at the bottom of the hierarchy in an era of great material abundance but thin human feelings. The novel reflects the reality that the world is profit-oriented, worshiping money and disdainful of true humanity, and is eventually crushed and deformed by society, reflecting the real social life under the capitalist system.

 

《瓦解》是一部非洲部落英雄的悲剧史诗。

奥贡喀沃是尼日利亚伊博部落的重要人物,在他生活的时代,白人首次出现在视野里。由于他的傲慢和恐惧,他最终被驱逐出自己的部落。七年以后,他终于回到故乡,白人和天主教却在部落里扎了根,甚至他寄予厚望的长子也皈依了天主教,而他最后也含恨自缢。

Disintegration is a tragic epic of an African tribal hero.

Ogunkawo is an important figure in the Igbo tribe of Nigeria, living in an era when the white man first came into view。He was eventually expelled from his tribe because of his arrogance and fear.

Seven years later, he finally returned to his homeland, but the whites and Catholicism took root in the tribe, and even his eldest son, whom he had high hopes for, converted to Catholicism, and he finally hanged himself with hatred.